A question from a non-native speaker: Is there a definitve guide on American punctuation somewhere? I always wonder about American use of punctuation inside single quotes when quoting a term instead of a sentence, and some other cases where I see different intepretations of punctuation.
The most commonly used tool for referencing English grammar that I know of is The Elements of Style by Strunk and White.
That takes me back. That was the standard reference for my journalism degree 35 years ago. I still have it.
One one space permitted. Nah, I’m not an actual slave to the dictates of grammar Nazis. That’s why such books are called guides.
is old fashioned non-hyphenated?
like red tree
My experience is more “feels” than fact I suppose, but I’ve always seen it that any adjective or noun playing adverb to another adjective or participle should be hyphenated to the word it describes.
Red-hot coals (coals that are hot to the point of being red)
Red hot coals (coals that are both hot and red)
Ruby-red shoes (shoes that are as red as rubies)
Ruby red shoes (ruby shoes that are red)
Smooth-talking rogue (a rogue who talks smoothly)
Smooth talking rogue (a smooth rogue who talks)
Bamboo-eating panda (a panda who eats bamboo)
Bamboo eating panda (bamboo is eating a panda)
ruby shoes that are red
You mostly nailed it but this one would be “red ruby shoes”
determiner, quantity, opinion, size, physical quality, shape, age, colour, origin, material, type, and purpose
Wait. Where is this order from? I thought it was alphabetical or something.
It’s just some mostly-unwritten rule of English grammar. If you do it wrong it sounds wrong but most English speakers don’t think about it.
Edit: reference.
I like to use them when words create a unit of thought. Like line-of-sight, and such. It really helps readability. It prevents people from having to think too hard about certain sentences when it’s ambiguous which words belong to what part of the sentence. Especially when the expression contains function words like “of”.
However, I’m a fan of just making multiple words into compound words, like bumblebee. That doesn’t work well with something like lineofsight, though.
As a side note, I wish we would bring back the diaeresis in favor of hyphens in words like co-op. It used to be coöp, and that is so much more fun. Or words like reëlect. Even when it’s not abbreviated, the diaeresis makes it more obvious to readers how coöperative is pronounced. Or any other time where two vowels in a row are pronounced separately.
Albeit always confuses me. Albeït is so much better.
Albeit comes from all-be-it?!?!?!?!?!??! You just blew my mind!
You’ll never guess where nevertheless comes from!
lol holy molly!
Would the dieresis be placed on top of the s in lineöfsight? Or would it be for vowels only?
Also, by your coöperative pronunciation example, people would be mispronouncing reëlect.
Also, by your coöperative pronunciation example, people would be mispronouncing reëlect.
I’m not sure what you mean.
It’s pronounced co-operative and re-elect. Coöp needs it to not sound like “coop” as in chicken coop. Reëlect needs it to not sound like “reel” as in fishing reel.
You are right in that specific case, but I was thinking of another case of pronunciation: where to put the stress.
Co-operative —> co ó perative Re-elect ----> re e léct.
But maybe OP wasn’t referring to that.
Diaereses don’t indicate stress. They indicate separately pronounced vowels.
When you say OP, who are you talking about? The author of the post was talking about hyphens, and nothing about stresssed syllables, and I’m the one who brought up diaereses, and I wasn’t referring to stressed syllables, either.
By OP I meant the parent poster of this comment thread - which it turned out to be you lol. I hadn’t noticed, sorry about that.
But anyway. I see what you’re saying now.
