I am struggling a bit to word the question so I’ll explain my thought process a bit.
I was thinking about Back to the Future style time travel where someone goes back in time, makes alterations to the past, and returns to a different life around the time they left but without actually acquiring the memories of their new life. Most of the time this happens at the end of the movie or series and they’re depicted only slightly confused but the viewer is given the impression they’ll integrate just fine. I’m wondering what’s out there for media where the conclusion of the protagonist’s adventures with time travel is just the beginning and the protagonist now has to struggle to make sense of everything.
Even with the short time loop/do-over premise that’s in movies like Palm Springs, Groundhog Day, and Omni Loop I feel like it could be difficult to interact with people afterwards. I imagine knowing everything about someone and having them regard you as a stranger would be frustrating and overwhelming.
From what I’ve seen the premise seems a bit under explored.
Weirdly, season 4 of both Fringe and Eureka have a portion of the main cast shunted into an altered timeline and having to reconcile their original memories with their “new” histories, to varying degrees of success.
Travelers kinda inverts the premise in its second season, where a bunch of time travellers sent back to fix the past start seeing their superior foreknowledge slowly rendered useless by the fact that their mission is actually succeeding in changing the future.
Not exactly the same premise that you described, but just a first reaction on the title is try Final Fantasy X. It’s certainly got time travel elements as well as amnesia!
Project Hail Mary matches this, will be a movie soon
Quantum Leap. The original series with Scott Bakula was much better.